• PP 3 While considering the molecular pathogenesis of

  2021-11-25

  

  While considering the molecular pathogenesis of an MPNST, the Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK, mTOR/AKT, p53, and PTEN pathways associated with tumor growth have been described (McCubrey et al., 2012). The involvement of receptor tyrosine kinases such as EGFR and TAM receptor families, and its associated molecular

• Metabolic adaptation is an important survival strategy for c

  2021-11-25

  

  Metabolic adaptation is an important survival strategy for cancer cells within the hypoxic tumor environment. Under the condition of O2 limitation, metabolic pathways shift from energy-efficient oxidative phosphorylation to the anaerobic glycolysis pathway for the purpose of ATP generation [13,43].

• A nitric oxide donor glyceryl trinitrite and the

  2021-11-25

  

  A nitric oxide donor, glyceryl-trinitrite, and the substrate for nitric oxide, l-arginine, have been used to treat preterm labor. However, these studies are preliminary. The beneficial effect of nitric oxide donors needs to be confirmed by more controlled studies. The probable pitfall of using nitri

• In addition to these effects on metabolic function in

  2021-11-24

  

  In addition to these effects on metabolic function in cardiac cells, this study also demonstrates changes in the expression of hypertrophic genes and proteins subsequent to GPR119 activation. Again this occurred in a distinct pattern dependent on palmitate exposure. Of interest SOCS3 mRNAs were decr

• In conclusion the present study demonstrated that peripheral

  2021-11-24

  

  In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that peripheral nerve exposure to HIV gp120 increased the expression levels of the P2Y12 receptor in DRG SGCs and enhanced mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia in rat models. Up-regulation of the P2Y12 receptor in DRG SGCs further promoted the release of

• br Introduction Glucose is the major carbon source in

  2021-11-24

  

  Introduction Glucose is the major carbon source in most organisms. Cancer WIN 18446 in particular require a steady source of energy to maintain growth and proliferation, and preferentially use glycolysis for their energy supply even under aerobic conditions. Glucose uptake in mammals is mainly m

• The bFGF induced upregulation of both GR and

  2021-11-24

  

  The bFGF-induced upregulation of both GR and MR levels observed in our study raises a question regarding whether the simultaneous augmentation of the two receptors has a physiological and/or medical significance. It has been suggested that MR stimulates intracellular signaling pathways to minimize s

• In conclusion we show to our knowledge

  2021-11-24

  

  In conclusion, we show, to our knowledge for the first-time, compelling evidence for functional OTR and GHSR crosstalk, which is likely via the formation of a novel OTR/GHSR heterocomplex with important downstream signalling consequences. This OTR/GHSR interaction is poised to play an important phys

• br Acknowledgements br Introduction Galanin shows widespread

  2021-11-24

  

  Acknowledgements Introduction Galanin shows widespread distribution in the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS) as well as in the immune, endocrine and endothelial vascular systems (Lang et al., 2007). Galanin controls diverse physiological processes such as arousal

• br Conclusion br Methods br Introduction To predict such top

  2021-11-24

  

  Conclusion Methods Introduction To predict such topologies, several algorithms have been developed. Quadparser (QP), developed by the Balasubramanian group have taken an approach where sequences matching G≥nN≤mG≥nN≤mG≥nN≤mG≥n model in which the lengths of G-tracts are at least n and lengths

• Melittin Further research should indeed focus on understandi

  2021-11-24

  

  Further research should indeed focus on understanding the nutritional value of food and its effect on metabolism, overall activation of metabolic NRs network. Moreover, given the prominent role of microbiota in the modulation of the FXR signalling (Degirolamo et al., 2014), there is enough impetus t

• br Declaration of interest br Acknowledgments br This

  2021-11-24

  

  Declaration of interest Acknowledgments This work was supported by grants from the Polish National Science Centre (PRELUDIUM grant no. 2013/11/N/NZ5/00270) and the European Commission FP7 Project Beta-JUDO (grant number 279 153), European Union EIT Health project DeTecT2D, Swedish Diabetes A

• br G protein coupled receptor GPR also known

  2021-11-24

  

  G-protein coupled receptor 40 (GPR40), also known as a free fatty angiotensin receptor blocker receptor, is dominantly expressed in pancreatic β cells and intestine K, L cells., . Besides, GPR40 is also reported to be expressed in brain, but its function is still unknown. It is well documented th

• FFAs are essential nutritional molecules that can also modul

  2021-11-24

  

  FFAs are essential nutritional molecules that can also modulate numerous cellular functions. Fatty hoechst derivatives like prostaglandins, leukotrienes lysophosphatidic acid, spinhgosine-1-phosphate and others are well documented to carry out signal transduction via G-protein coupled receptors (GP

• Introduction RNA splicing occurs in the nucleus when

  2021-11-24

  

  Introduction RNA splicing occurs in the nucleus when noncoding sequences (introns) are removed from the pre-mRNA transcript and coding sequences (exons) are joined to form a mature mRNA [1,2]. This reaction is catalyzed by a multiprotein complex called spliceosome. The spliceosome consists of five

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